독감 백신의 위험에 대해

by yy on 2009/08/31 10:55

이정환:신종 플루보다 백신이 더 위험하다?

몇가지 주석.

다들 잘 알겠지만 백신은 병원체를 약하게 만들어 주입해서 몸 안에 항체를 형성하고 면역성을 키우도록 돕는 의약품이다. 백신 역시 바이러스의 일종인 셈인데 ...

병원체를 죽이지 않고 약하게 만든 백신을 생백신 (live vaccine) 이라고 부르며, 여러 종류의 백신 중 한 종류일 뿐이다1. BCG나 MMR (Measles-mumps-rubella) 백신이 좋은 예인데, 미국의 경우 예방 접종 전에 살아 있는 병원체가 들어있음을 알려준다. 반면에, 우리가 흔히 맞는 독감 예방주사는 바이러스를 죽여서 만든다2.

실제로 1976년에는 그해 유행했던 돼지독감으로 죽은 사람보다 백신의 부작용으로 죽은 사람이 훨씬 많았다.

참고로 돼지독감으로 죽은 사람은 한 명, 백신을 접종한 사람은 48,161,019명, GBS (Guillain-Barré syndrome) 로 사망한 사람 수는 25명이다3. 약 백만 명 중에 한 명꼴.

다만 길리안 바레 증후군을 보이는 환자 가운데 상당수가 1년 이내에 독감백신을 맞은 사실이 있다는 연구결과가 있다. 물론 1970년대와 비교하면 백신 제조기술이 크게 발전했지만 올해 11월부터 접종받게 될 신종 플루 백신은 안전성 검사가 제대로 이뤄지지 않은채 보급될 가능성이 크다.

언급된 연구결과가 궁금하다. 1년이란 시간은 꽤 길다. 예방 접종이 바로 GBS를 일으키지 않은채로 수 개월 동안 잠복했다가 GBS를 일으킬 가능성은 매우 낮아보인다. 보통 감염이 원인이 되는 GBS의 경우 감염으로부터 한 달이내에 발병한다고 한다. 독감 백신 접종 통계를 잘 모르겠는데, 독감 백신을 맞는 사람이 충분히 많으면 무슨 병을 택해도 1년 이내에 독감 백신을 맞은 사람은 상당수가 될 것 같다.

GBS의 원인은 아직 확실히 밝혀지지 않았는데, 유력한 용의자는 Campylobacter jejuni 감염이라고 한다4 최근에는 독감 바이러스가 GBS를 일으킨다는 주장이 등장했다5

CDC 웹사이트에는 독감 예방주사와 GBS의 관계에 대한 안내 페이지가 있다6.

Several studies have been done to evaluate if other flu vaccines since 1976 were associated with GBS. Only one of the studies showed an association. That study suggested that one person out of 1 million vaccinated persons may be at risk of GBS associated with the vaccine.

1976년 돼지독감 사태이후 독감 예방주사와 GBS의 발병사이의 관계를 밝히기 위한 연구가 여럿 있었지만 그 중 하나의 연구에서만 상관관계가 보였다고 한다. 1976년의 경우를 제외하고는 예방주사가 GBS의 위험을 높이는 것 같지는 않지만, 그래도 아예 부정할 수는 없다는 이야기. 그래도 백만명 중의 한 명꼴이면 매우 희귀하므로 그렇게 걱정할 일은 아니다. GBS가 발병해도 대부분은 건강하게 회복되므로, 독감 백신으로 GBS가 발병해서 사망까지 이를 확률은 일반적인 독감의 사망률과도 비교할 수 없이 작다.

미국에서 이번 신종독감 백신의 임상실험을 진행하고 있는 NIAID (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases) 는 최근 500명 이상의 성인을 대상으로 한 임상실험에서 부작용이 발견되지 않았고, 그래서 아이들을 대상으로 임상실험을 진행한다고 발표했다7.

  • http://www.infowars.com/category/flu-pandemic/
  • http://globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=newsHighlights&newsId=46
  • http://globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=14618
  • http://www.vaccine911.com/vacreference.pdf
  • http://www.greatfallspro.com/vaccine.htm

글에 링크된 위 사이트들을 들어가서 잠시 훑어봤는데 근거자료는 부실하고, 수은이 자폐증을 일으킨다는 떡밥8이 넘실대고, 인용된 논문을 몇 개 찍어서 찾아봤더니 검색도 안 된다. 그래도 무려 Lancet에 실린 논문이 있길래 찾아봤더니 두 번 인용됐고, 그중 한 논문은 Lancet에 실린 논문의 연구 방법이 잘못됐다는 내용 (다른 하나는 이탈리아어). 더이상 시간을 쓸 가치를 느끼지 못했다.

구지 '신종'이 아니더라도 독감은 한국에서 매년 (아마도) 수천명의 목숨을 앗아가는 무서운 병이다. 이런 병을 효과적으로 막는 방법인 예방접종에 대한 글을 쓸 때는 좀 더 신중해야 하지 않을까.

  1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaccine#Types [Back]
  2. 다만 코에 뿌리는 방식의 백신은 생백신이다. cdc의 안내 (pdf) [Back]
  3. 위키백과(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swine_flu#1976_U.S._outbreak) [Back]
  4. S. Kuwabara et al., Does Campylobacter jejuni infection elicit "demyelinating" Guillain-Barre syndrome? Neurology. 2004 Aug 10;63(3):529-33 [Back]
  5. V. Sivadon-Tardy et al., Guillain-Barré syndrome and influenza virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2009 Jan 1;48(1):48-56 [Back]
  6. http://www.cdc.gov/FLU/about/qa/gbs.htm [Back]
  7. http://www3.niaid.nih.gov/news/newsreleases/2009/H1N1pedvax.htm [Back]
  8. 코리아헬스로그:백신 수은 보존제 감소불구 자폐증은 증가해 [Back]
2009/08/31 10:55 2009/08/31 10:55
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